History events Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History occasions - Essay Example For example, territorial wars in Afghanistan, Korea, and Vietnam elevated the distinctions and pressures between the US and the USSR. Therefore, the virus war formed the international strategies of the US as the nation arranged to ensure itself and its residents against any likely wars. The main significant occasion that happened during the virus war is the passing of President Franklin D. Roosevelt (FDR). FDR had ben critical in making the Axis union that developed triumphant during the World War II (Murray, 53). The Axis partnership united the US, the USSR, and the United Kingdom with their partners. There was shared regard between the three chiefs; FDR, Joseph Stalin, and Winston Churchill, which assisted with advancing great working relations during the World War. Be that as it may, FDR’s passing in April 1945 changed the relations between the three nations and should have been the course of the virus War. FDR’s replacement, President Harry S. Truman, received an alternate methodology in his relations with the East, including the USSR. As of now, the counter socialism positions were growing unequivocally in the West. President Truman proceeded with his open negative proclamations about the USSR, exacerbating the relations between the two nations an d their partners (Murray, 77). The second significant occasion during the virus war was the development of The North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), which united nations in Europe and the US to frame a solid association that would counter the developing impact of the USSR. The first authors of NATO are The US, United Kingdom, Portugal, France, Italy, Denmark, Norway, Canada, Iceland, Luxembourg, Holland, and Belgium (Murray, 115). NATO made a bound together power under the US, which had the option to counter the impact of the USSR in the East. The other unmistakable occasion exposed war was the order of the Mutual Security Act in 1951, under President Harry S. Truman. The Act was a revelation by

Sobeit and So Be It

Sobeit as Be It Sobeit as Be It Sobeit as Be It By Maeve Maddox Jean composes: Would you be able to do a component on so be it and sobeit? Â I thought without a doubt it was constantly composed as three words until a conversation on a court journalists message block came about an editor saying that it ought to be a single word. Sobeit is a word as be it is a provision. Nor is tremendously utilized in conventional discussion or composing, yet legitimate language will in general be on the good old side. The provision so be it is a subjunctive articulation significance let it be so. Model: Aladdin: I need an immense castle with a thousand hirelings and a pool. Genie: So be it! Sobeit can be utilized as combination or as a thing. As a combination sobeit implies gave that, if. Model: I will complete this 800-page novel, sobeit I live long enough. Sobeit can likewise be utilized as a thing, as in this model from the OED: Thou answerest me an houre after..like to a Sexton with a Sobeit or Amen. Regardless of whether to spell it as single word or work it out as three words relies on the specific situation. Need to improve your English in a short time a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Vocabulary class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Farther versus FurtherTry to versus Attempt and30 Nautical Expressions

Were going to Chicago! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Were going to Chicago! COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Thinking about going back to school?   The first question you ask yourself is what do you want to study?   The second question is where do you go to pursue your studies? The Public Service Graduate School Fair brings together representatives of some of the nation’s top graduate programs in public policy and international affairs with highly qualified individuals who are interested in making a difference. So if this is your thing, come meet us on Friday, June 20, 2014 from 1:30 PM to 3:30 PM at the University of Chicago. Young professionals, undergraduates, and recent grads alike can benefit from the expertise and guidance they can access through this event. Learn about the graduate school admissions process! Attendees of this Graduate School Fair receive access to key decision makers in the admissions process at the nation’s top policy and international affairs schools. Prospective applicants have an opportunity to ask questions about various policy programs, what makes a strong candidate, and carefully consider which programs align with their interests and careers. Recognizing the importance of networks, this event provides a crucial meeting point for students to exchange of ideas, information, and inspiration. Register today Participating Graduate Schools American University, School of International Service Carnegie Mellon University, John H. Heinz III College Columbia University, School of International and Public Affairs Duke, Sanford School of Public Policy Georgetown, Edmund A. Walsh School of Foreign Service Harvard University, Harvard Kennedy School Indiana University â€" Bloomington, School of Public Environmental Affairs Johns Hopkins University, Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies Princeton University Woodrow Wilson School of Public Policy International Affairs Science Po, Paris School of International Affairs Syracuse, Maxwell School of Citizenship Public Affairs Texas AM, The Bush School of Government and Public Service The George Washington University, The Elliott School of International Affairs Tufts, The Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy University of California, San Diego, School of International Relations Pacific Studies University of Denver, Josef Korbel School of International Studies Date: Friday, June 20, 2014 1:30 PM to 3:30 PM Location: The University of Chicago School of Social Service Administration 969 E. 60th Street Chicago, IL 60637

What Makes John Coltrane - 2416 Words

When we are born into this World, some say we are born with no predefined path, others will say one s Destiny is already chosen. It is one of the many wonders of the Human experience to try and seek purpose and meaning in life, to be freed of the constraints society puts upon others. Many people living today do not know what path they are taking, they are walking blindly, in the dark. However, it is possible for one to open their eyes and to see the many opportunities that come their way and to see the light in this complicated world of ours. One of the many people in this world who have experienced this enlightenment is John Coltrane. What makes this man special is that he like many others started out life with no path he only lived in the moment not thinking about how he can leave his mark on the world. However unlike the majority of the population Coltrane midway through his life realised he needed to make a change in the world and that the way he would do it would be through his music. Coltrane’s success came to be due to his determination to fulfill his dream of making the world a better place, while overcoming the various barriers society and the world he was born into put in front of him; this determination led to his success. However like all barriers, some simply can not be overcome, and failure will play a crucial role in Coltrane’s career. Although through failure, one can learn to better themselves and achieve complete greatness, this is exactly what ColtraneShow MoreRelatedJohn Coltrane1566 Words   |  7 Pagesmusic and also jazz musicians. Among these musicians, is John Coltrane, considered one of the greatest jazz saxophonists and composers of all time. He was also one of the most important and influential musicians of the twentieth century. John William Coltrane was born in Hamlet, North Carolina on September 23, 1926. Moving from Hamlet as an infant, Coltrane grew up in High Point, North Carolina, where most of his family lived. John had a very rough life as a kid due to the fact that he grewRead MoreJohn Coltrane Essay1579 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Coltrane John Coltrane Jazz, taking its roots in African American folk music, has evolved, metamorphosed, and transposed itself over the last century to become a truly American art form. More than any other type of music, it places special emphasis on innovative individual interpretation. Instead of relying on a written score, the musician improvises. For each specific period or style through which jazz has gone through over the past seventy years, there is almost always a single personRead MoreMy Best Abilities The Beginning Of Coltrane s Alabama With King s Speech1557 Words   |  7 Pagesbeginning of Coltrane s Alabama with King s speech. Hearing a recording of the two overlapping is much more obvious but you can still see how some of the words can fit into the rhythms Coltrane played. I personally believe Coltrane did this on purpose. Of course, we have no way of know but there are some points in the speech and music where it lines up so well that it s unmistakable. There are also part s that do not mix well together, some of which you can see above but maybe Coltrane did that onRead More Spirituality and John Coltrane Essay3937 Words   |  16 PagesSpirituality and John Coltrane After being fired from Miles Daviss band in 1957 for his chronic use of heroin, John Coltrane was hurt tremendously. He decided it was time he quit using heroin. He took a month off from music while he went cold turkey. During this month in the early spring of 1957, Coltrane had a momentous religious experience (Nisenson, 40). Coltrane asked God to give him the means and privilege to make others happy through music (Coltrane, 1995, 2). As timeRead MoreI Attended A Jazz Recital Presented By Music953 Words   |  4 Pagesgroup performed the following songs, Donna Lee composed by Charlie Parker, Wave composed by Antonio Carlos Jobim, Misty composed by Erroll Garner, Another Song(For All The Pretty People) and Impressions composed by John Coltrane. In my essay I will discuss Impressions composed by John Coltrane. Jazz is a type of music the African Americans began and is best known for the mighty mood and beat. The primary instruments connected with this type of music are brass and woodwind instruments, for example, theRead MoreThe Bombing On 16th Street Baptist Church Essay2055 Words   |  9 Pagessixteenth Baptist street church [2]. It was not until 2001 and 2002 when some of the men responsible for the crimes would be prosecuted and eventually convicted. Though the intent of the bombing was to instill fear and panic into the black community, what came about was unity and a call to action. During this call to action, people had different ideas on how to respond to the events surrounding the bombing on 16th street Baptist church. The response ranged from marching, protests, and most importantlyRead More John Coltrane Essay5593 Words   |  23 Pagesquot;Ive got to keep experimenting. I feel that Im just beginning. I have part of what Im looking for in my grasp, but not all.amp;quot; This phrase, from the liner notes of quot;My Favorite Thingsquot; clearly defines Coltranes life and his search for the incorporation of his spirituality with his music. John Coltrane was not only an essential contributor to jazz, but also music itself. John Coltrane died thirty-two years ago, on July 17, 1967, at the age of forty. In the years sinceRead MoreThelonious Monk979 Words   |  4 PagesThelonious Monk â€Å"You know anybody can play a composition and use far-out chords and make it sound wrong. It’s making it sound right that’s not easy.† This quote spoke by Thelonious Monk himself represents his whole career into two sentences. He was widely considered one of the most influential jazz piano musicians. What is known about Monk’s early life is very little. Thelonious Sphere Monk was born October 10, 1917 in Rocky Mount, North Carolina. Monk’s family was made up of his parents TheloniousRead MoreEssay on Jazz3014 Words   |  13 PagesDixieland. It is characterized by collective improvisation, in which all performers simultaneously play improvised melodic lines within the harmonic structure of the tune. Louis, as a singer, is credited with the invention of scat, in which the vocalist makes up nonsense syllables to sing improvised lines. Other notable performers of New Orleans or Dixieland jazz include clarinetist Johnny Dodds, soprano saxophone p layer Sidney Bechet, trumpeter King Oliver, and trombonist Kid Ory. Other styles popularRead MoreLiterary Works Of The Harlem Renaissance1233 Words   |  5 Pagesmore about who did what in that building,† she said. â€Å"I care more about his ideas than his furniture.† Ms. Watson’s efforts are still a gamble. Like any nonprofit, her collective will need to continue fund-raising in order to sustain the home, she said. They also hope to bring in additional revenue by renting out rooms to artists and authors for events and book launches. What makes Ms. Watson’s approach unique, Ms. Worden said, is the fact that she does not simply plan to make it a house museum

Marijuana Has Always Been A Concern In How It Should Be

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Talk Show Free Essays

TALKSHOW SCRIPT Dr. X:Hello and welcome to Your Life Sucks, Get Over It. Today’s topic will be violent relationships and why the heck people stay in them. We will write a custom essay sample on Talk Show or any similar topic only for you Order Now We have 5 very special people on the show today. Now, first we have to get to know you. Please state your name and blood type. Tom: What does blood type have to do with ANYTHING? Dr X: Just answer the question. Tom: Uh†¦Tom†¦and I don’t know my blood type†¦ Dr X: Right then. And you, please state your name and blood type Elsa: Elsa, and why do YOU have to know my blood type? Dr. X: Because it’s MY show. YOU’RE just on it because your life sucks! Elsa: No. That’s Caitlin. NOT ME!! Dr. X: O†¦k†¦and you, name and blood type. Saint: My name’s Saint†¦and I love football. Dr. X: Wait, REAL name and BLOOD TYPE!! Saint: Patrick, and I love FOOTBALL!! Dr X: Ok, we know you like football. Now state your blood type. Saint: FFFOOOOOOTTTTTTTBBBBBBAAAAAAAAALLLLLL!!!!!!! Dr X: You know what, forget it. And you, name and blood type. Mario: Mario Ortega, blood type AB negative. Dr X: Ok, good. And you? AJ: (Starts to cry)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. AHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!! Mario: That’s AJ. He’s a little EMOtional. AJ: AHHHHHHHHH, what? Dr X: All right then. Let’s get started. So, who actually has BEEN in a violent relationship? All:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. AJ†¦AHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!!! Dr X: Anyone? Mario:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Me. Dr X: All right, now we got a show going! So tell us, Mario, what role did you play in the violent relationship? Mario: The violent one. Audience: OOOOOOOOOOOO!! Dr X: Hmm. What did you do to her†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. or him? Mario: Uh, her, and I pushed my pregnant wife out a moving car. Audience: BOOOOOOOOOOOO!!!! Dr X: Why? AJ: TO MANY QUESTIONS!!!!!! AHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!!!!! Mario: O†¦k†¦My father got on my nerves. Dr X: Oh, I see. You were mad at your FATHER so you pushed your WIFE out a moving car. That makes PERFECT sense!! Moving on! Mario: No, wait, that’s not what I†¦ Dr X: Tom, you’ve been quiet. What’s up with you? AJ: AHHHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!!! Tom: SHUT UP!!!!!! AJ: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Tom: Thank you. Anyway†¦. AJ: (stabs self with pencil) Tom: (Looking at AJ) Uhhhh†¦ Can I move? Dr X: NO!! As you were saying. Tom: (Still looking at AJ) My best friend Nick was in a violent relationship. Dr X: (rubbing chin) Interesting. So how did this affect you? Tom: Ummm, I felt uncomfortable? Dr X: GOOD!!! AJ: AHHHHHHHHHHHH!!!! All (including audience): SHUT UP!!!!!!!! AJ: (whimpers) Dr X: Ok, Eliza†¦. Elsa: It’s ELSA!!! Dr X: How do you fit into all this? Elsa: MY best friend Caitlin was in the violent relationship with HIS best friend Nick. (Points to Tom) Tom: Don’t you point at ME like that!!!! I didn’t have ANYTHING to do with it!!! Elsa: (Still pointing at Tom) I’ll point where it want to!!! AJ: AHHHHHHHHHHH!!!! Saint: I like football! Dr X: THIS IS NOT THE JERRY SPRINGER SHOW! THIS IS MY SHOW AND THERE WILL BE NO FIGHTING ON MY SHOW! DO I MAKE MYSELF CLEAR! (Everyone but AJ is absolutely quiet. AJ is still crying. Someone in the audience coughs. ) Dr X: We’ll be right back after this commercial break. Dr X: Welcome back to Your Life Sucks, Get Over It. (Looks to Tom and Elsa, who are on opposite sides of the stage. ) We were just getting to Saint. Saint: Foot†¦ Dr X: DON’T YOU SAY FOOTBALL!!!!!!! Saint†¦soccer†¦. Dr X: (dirty look to Saint) All right now. How do you fit into this? Saint: I’m Caitlin’s new boyfriend. Dr X: And how did this come about? Saint: After Nick beat Caitlin up, I asked her out. Dr X: So you were taking advantage of that vulnerability she was going through just after she and Nick broke up. Saint: No†¦ Dr X: Now, Mario, do you know anything about this particular violent relationship? What’s your connection to it? Mario: I was Nick’s anger management teacher when Caitlin got a restraining order on Nick. Dr X: So you teach an anger management class when you have your own anger problems? Mario: I got over my anger problems. Dr X: Right. So, since you’re in charge of the anger management class, why do you think that Nick beat up Caitlin? Mario: She did something he didn’t want her to do and felt like he needed to take control of her by showing her that he was in charge. Dr X: I see. Now, AJ, you’ve done nothing but cry and stab yourself with a pencil. Just where do you come into this? AJ: AHHHHHHHHHH!!! Dr X: STOP THAT CRYING!! (AJ stops crying) Now, answer the question. AJ: †¦I was in Nick’s anger management class. Everyone in there was under court orders to take the class. Everyone in there had hit his girlfriend. We all felt like we needed to control something, or someone, so we tried to control our girlfriends. Dr X: Hmm. Eliza†¦ Elsa: IT’S ELSA!! Dr X: What do you think caused Nick to feel the need to control people? Elsa: How am I supposed to know? I don’t know him; I don’t even like him! Dr X: Tom, you were Nick’s best friend, what do you think caused it? Tom: Problems at home. He and his dad didn’t exactly get along. Dr X: What do you think caused that? Tom: Nick’s dad beat him up. Dr X: Elizabeth†¦ Elsa: IT’S ELSA!! Dr X: Were there any signs before Nick beat Caitlin up that Caitlin was in a violent relationship? Elsa: Yes. Dr X: What were they? Elsa: Nick made Caitlin spend all her spare time around him, Nick made her stop hanging out with me, he always had to know where she was, he told her what to do, he even slapped her and left a big red nark on her face. Then Caitlin tried to break up with Nick, but he gave her a ring and she went out with him again, even though I confronted them both about that mark on her face. They both denied that he did that to her, but I know he did it. Dr X: Well, now you know the signs and the reasons. Make sure your life doesn’t suck because of a violent relationship. Until next time! How to cite Talk Show, Papers

Apple Marketing and American Materialism free essay sample

This is perceived negatively by society, but since this increase in consumerism is fairly recent, it is hard to make conclusions on why this is happening. Many companies, along with technology, have contributed to the rise of materialism in the US and Apple is one them. By analyzing Apple’s marketing strategy, recent ad campaign, and success and failure of their promotions, people are buying more consumer goods now because they want to be entertained and want to make their life simpler. Apple Knows How To Appeal To Their Customers Apple has been very successful recently because of their creative way of thinking and how they do business.They have gained many customers by using â€Å"a winning combination of exceptional products, great style and design, great strategy, innovative marketing, and sleek and enticing communications† (Vertygo Team). By really taking the time and effort to think of great products and ideas and coming up with simple, clever advertising, Apple is able to appeal to a broad range of customers who want to buy their products. By doing this, they increase their sales and enhance their brand value. I agree that Apple has a unique marketing strategy, a point that needs emphasizing since so many people believe that Dell and Blackberry are similar to them. It states in the company’s mission statement that â€Å"Apple leads the digital music revolution with its iPods and iTunes online store and has reinvented the mobile phone with its revolutionary iPhone and App Store† (Apple). They always are up to date with technology and have really created their own markets for the products they sell. It is often hard to compete with what Apple has to offer since the company even stayed strong in 2009 during the recession and increased their sales and profits (LexisNexis 1). This just shows how loyal Apple’s customers are and how they are always excited about the new products they come out with.For some people, they can’t live without their iPod or iPhone, so Apple’s customers really trust the company in providing them with a product that will help them make their life easier. One of Apple’s main values is the environment. They are all about designing their products to be energy efficient to reduce greenhou se gas emissions and want to eliminate harmful substances. Apple designs are thinner, smaller, and lighter than other products since dozens of individual parts are replaced with a single piece of aluminum (Apple).This enables Apple to create more efficient products with less material and smaller packaging. All of their products are also free of toxic materials and the materials they use in making their products are recycled through their recycling programs. The weight of the materials they recycle is compared to the total weight of their products and Apple has managed to achieve a recycling rate of 50% (Apple). So on top of being a very successful company, they really care about issues going on in the world and this is shown in how their products are created.Customers can feel good about the product(s) they are buying. Although recycling may seem of concern to only a small group of environmentalists, it should in fact concern anyone who cares about being clean and neat because tons of waste is produced every day. If people like simple concepts, then recycling is one of them because all it takes is a swish in the bin and the Earth is becoming a cleaner place. iPad: What Apple Hopes To Be The Next Big Thing Just recently Apple has launched their latest new product the iPad.The words â€Å"iPad is here† are in bolded letters and a big picture of the product is shown when consumers go to the Apple company website. The iPad is stated to be â€Å"a magical and revolutionary product at an unbelievable price starting at $499† (Apple). Apple wants it customers to think that this is the best new product out there, so they also have guided tours and a list of features showing what the iPad has to offer. It also states on the website that it is â€Å"the best way to experience the web, mail, photos, and video hands down† (Apple).There are apps built into the device to take advantage of the large touch screen and basically anything can be done on the iPad. It is basically a combination of a mobile phone and laptop and Apple hopes to â€Å"define the future of mobile media and computing devices† (Apple). Apple’s goal is to have this product be as huge as the iPod and iPhone. Launch of iPad Received Mixed Reviews When the iPad first came on to the market over 300,000 were sold in the US and iPad users downloaded over one million apps from the App Store and over 250,000 ebooks from the iBookstore during the first day (Apple).Based on this, the launch of the iPad seems to be pretty successful. New York Times claims there are problems with the iPad, but we don’t need anyone to tell us that. Anyone familiar with technology has long known that any new product is bound to have flaws. Here is a list of some from an iPad review by David Pogue: * Certain models only get online in certain areas where Wi-Fi is available. * Ebook selection is limited and ebooks aren’t read well in direct sunlight and can’t be read on any other machine except the iPad. * iPad gets heavy in your hand after a while and typing can be a challenge. iPad can’t play flash video, which is the Web’s most popular video format. * Can only use one app at a time, no USB jacks, and no camera for video chats. * If you already have a laptop and a smartphone, why would you need a third machine? (Pogue 2) All of these things show that the iPad still has room for improvement. But this has happened with a lot of Apple products and they continue to update them by coming out with new versions. By doing this they can gain more customers and get more people interested in buying the iPad. The whole concept is still fairly new and it can be hard to persuade people that the iPad is the best new product if they are flaws with it. The people who bought the iPad right when it first came out probably didn’t think about these potential problems and just bought it on impulse because it looked neat. Increase In Technology Is Why Materialism Is Rising So how does all this relate to American materialism? When companies like Apple come out with new products, everyone is really interested in what they are all about and want to be educated on how this product can benefit them.If they think the product can make their life better, simpler, or easier, they automatically want to buy it. This is showed through Apple’s website. With close up pictures of all the applications and features of the iPad and detailed descriptions with phrases like â€Å"there’s nothing like the mail app on iPad† and â€Å"viewing photos on the iPad is extradordinary† (Apple), customers get sucked into the product and think that the iPad is something unique, which gets them more interested in buying the iPad. They see everything the iPad can do up close and personal, which is almost as good as trying it out by hand. This can speed up the process of buying the iPad or not and makes customers happy because they are getting the information they need on the product. They want to make sure the product will be useful for them. Technology is real and arguably, the most significant factor in American’s buying decisions. People want to keep up with the trends to live in a more revolutionized society. This is the sole reason why Americans want everything. Americans love the idea if something is new and innovative, and since new products and ideas are always coming out they are constantly being entertained and always want more to keep their interest.American materialism is probably going to continue through future generations, but it isn’t necessarily a bad thing. This is just a current trend in society that people are researching and want to know more about. There is nothing wrong with wanting to buy new products. People can spend their money however they want and use products as they please, but consumers will always be interested in anything that looks fun to use and will make their life easier.

Writing Tips Example Press Release

Writing Tips Example Press Release Example Press Release (Writing Tips) We’ve previously offered a few tips on writing a press release, including: Start with an eye-catching headline. Tailor your press release to match your business goals. Include stats, photos, and/or quotes that journalists can use. Pick the perfect time to send your press release. In this post, though, we’re going to show you how this works in practice. We’ll do this by presenting an example press release, plus a quick breakdown of how it fulfills each of the points above. An Example Press Release Proofed Launches Pioneering Punctuation Podcast Launching February 2, 2019, the Proofed Punctuation Pod will cover everything from periods to parentheses for newcomers and experts alike. New York, January 31, 2019 – Acclaimed proofreading company Proofed is launching a new podcast about punctuation. This will be the first professional podcast dedicated entirely to this topic, offering both helpful explainers and in-depth conversation on punctuation issues. The podcast will be hosted by Mia Armitage, who has worked as a proofreader for over a decade, including three years with Proofed. Mia will be joined by a series of guest presenters, each of whom will discuss a favorite punctuation mark or an issue that interests them. Nielsen statistics show that 44% of the US population has listened to a podcast, while 26% listen to at least one podcast every month. This format therefore presents a great opportunity to engage people with punctuation in new, entertaining ways. According to Proofed CEO Bertrand McClain, â€Å"Punctuation can seem like a dry topic, especially to read about. But a podcast lets us present those issues as a lively conversation, offering a listener-friendly way to join the debate.† Mia, meanwhile, is excited to present the podcast. â€Å"I was thrilled to be asked,† she says. â€Å"I have a passion for punctuation, so talking with so many clever people and sharing my love of language is a dream come true. Even I was surprised by how controversial punctuation can be sometimes. But you’ll hear that for yourself in episode one, I promise!† The first episode, available February 2, via iTunes and the Proofed website, will feature Dr. Henry Jones, who has strong feelings about the serial comma. For more information on the podcast and upcoming guests, contact Sheryl Rook at [emailprotected] Analyzing the Example Okay, so you’ve seen our example press release. But can you spot how it works? Key factors include: The headline is punchy and alliterative to make it memorable, but we also have a subtitle to provide extra information. The aim of the press release is to let people know about the new podcast. As such, we’ve included key details about where and when people can hear it. We’ve included stats and quotes that journalists can excerpt. The date of release is set for a few days before the podcast launch. This will ensure that it goes out at the most relevant time to attract listeners. So our press release is simple, but it ticks all the right boxes! And to make sure your press releases are perfect, don’t forget that proofreading is vital.

When Are AP Tests The Complete AP Exam Schedule

When Are AP Tests The Complete AP Exam Schedule SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips As the school year starts to wind down, you might be asking yourself: when are AP exams? In this article, I’ll break down everything you need to know about the AP exam schedule, including when they usually take place, the specific schedule for this year, what to do if you find yourself in an AP schedule mishap, and how you can leverage the schedule to best plan your studying. When Are AP Tests Usually? This is a question with a pretty simple answer. AP exams normally take place during the first two weeks of May. Each day of the two-week testing period is divided into two four-hour testing slots, which begin at 8 am and 12 pm, respectively. There is also a 2 pm time slot in the first week of testing; this is reserved for the Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism test only. Any make-up tests that need to be offered are normally held Wednesday through Friday the week after all regular testing is completed (so, the third week of May). When Are AP Tests in 2020? Like in other years, AP exams for 2019 will take place during the first two weeks of May, specifically from Monday, May 4, 2020, to Friday, May 15, 2020. Make-up testing will take place the following week from Wednesday, May 20, 2020, to Friday, May 22, 2020. Below is the complete schedule of 2020 AP tests: Week 1 Morning 8 am Afternoon 12 pm Afternoon 2 pm Monday, May 4, 2020 US Government and Politics Physics C: Mechanics Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Tuesday, May 5, 2020 Calculus AB Calculus BC German Language and Culture Human Geography Wednesday, May 6, 2020 English Literature and Composition European History Physics 2: Algebra-Based Thursday, May 7, 2020 Chemistry Spanish Literature and Culture Japanese Language and Culture Physics 1: Algebra-Based Friday, May 8, 2020 US History Art History Computer Science A AP 2-D Art and Design, 3-D Art and Design, and Drawing (last day for coordinators to collect and submit portfolios) Week 2 Morning 8 am Afternoon 12 pm Monday, May 11, 2020 Biology Chinese Language and Culture Environmental Science Tuesday, May 12, 2020 Seminar Spanish Language and Culture Latin Psychology Wednesday, May 13, 2020 English Language and Composition Microeconomics Music Theory Thursday, May 14, 2020 Comparative Government and Politics World History: Modern Italian Language and Culture Macroeconomics Friday, May 15, 2020 Computer Science Principles French Language and Culture Statistics Source: The College Board And here is the 2020 AP schedule for make-up tests: Late Testing Period Morning 8 am Afternoon 12 pm Wednesday, May 20, 2020 English Language and Composition European History Microeconomics Physics C: Mechanics Psychology Statistics Chemistry Computer Science A Japanese Language and Culture Music Theory Physics C: Electricity and Magnetism Thursday, May 21, 2020 Biology Computer Science Principles Environmental Science Physics 1: Algebra-Based US History World History: Modern Art History Chinese Language and Culture French Language and Culture Italian Language and Culture Latin Physics 2: Algebra-Based Friday, May 22, 2020 Calculus AB Calculus BC English Literature and Composition Human Geography Seminar US Government and Politics Comparative Government and Politics German Language and Culture Macroeconomics Spanish Language and Culture Spanish Literature and Culture Source: The College Board So many subjects, so little time. What If I Have 2 AP Exams at the Exact Same Time? You probably noticed on the above schedule that there are often two AP exams scheduled for the same time slot. If you have two different exams scheduled for the same time, you’ll need to take one of the exams during the late testing period from Wednesday, May 20, 2020, to Friday, May 22, 2020. To make arrangements, you’ll need to talk to your school’s AP exam coordinator (likely a guidance counselor). You should be able to find out who to talk to by asking someone at your school’s main office. This coordinator will make the arrangements for you to take an AP test on a later date. You should talk to him or her as soon as you realize that there’s a conflict in your AP testing schedule, so there will be enough time to order the late test. You’ll get to pick which AP test to take late. Note that when you do test late, you’re given an alternate form of the test. Some people think that the late forms are more difficult. It’s unclear whether there’s any truth to this claim, but if it’s something you’re worried about, it might be a wiser choice to take the test you’re more confident in on the late date. What If I Have 2 AP Exams on the Same Day but at Different Times? If you have two AP exams on the same day at different times- so one in the morning, one in the afternoon- you have fewer options. In fact, your only option, if you want to take both tests, is to sit through a whole day of testing. Unfortunately, you can’t request late testing just because you have two tests on the same day. My advice would be to bring water and lots of protein-rich snacks for the breaks to help you keep going! Also, try to stretch your hands whenever you have an opportunity to help mitigate cramping and soreness. Juggling AP exams is tough, but not as tough as juggling planets. How to Use the AP Schedule to Plan Your Studying The AP schedule’s main utility in studying is to help you know by when you need to finish studying. As early May approaches, the AP exam schedule will help you prioritize those exams that come earliest when you do final reviews of the material, since you’ll have a few extra days to polish up your knowledge for tests during the second week. The AP Exam Schedule: Key Takeaways AP exams generally take place each year during the first two weeks of May. See above for the complete schedule for 2020. If you have two exams scheduled at the same time, you are eligible for late testing for one of the exams. Just talk to your school’s AP exam coordinator! Unfortunately, if you have two AP exams on the same day (in other words, one in the morning and one in the afternoon) you aren’t eligible for late testing and you’ll have to do a full day of testing if you want to take both tests. In terms of using the AP schedule to organize your studying, you should plan your final reviews of the material for a given exam so that you are reviewing material for your earlier tests sooner since you’ll have a little extra time to review for your later tests. Finally, don’t forget to schedule a little relaxation after you finish all your APs! Once you're finished with AP tests, it's time to go home and take a cat nap. What's Next? Getting ready to study for your AP exams? See our five-step AP prep plan for expert tips. Or if you're looking for practice tests, check out our guide to finding the best AP practice tests. Wondering whether you should be aiming for a perfect AP test score? We've got you covered with our in-depth guide! If you've got a scheduling issue or emergency, refer to our guide to getting a make-up AP exam.

Response for Leon Bonstein Let Teen-agers try adulthood, Paul Raeburn Essay

Response for Leon Bonstein Let Teen-agers try adulthood, Paul Raeburn Too immature for thye deatyh penalty - Essay Example Botstein argues that the social structure in high school is a hierarchical structure that is characterized by age, athletic prowess and attractiveness. The social structure in high school is different from any other community that students come across once they finish high school. The American high school education system is also regarded as obsolete. Botstein stipulates that when high school education system was being designed, students did not mature at the pace that they do today. Students used to mature at a slow pace. For example, Botstein stipulates that the age of menstruation has gone down approximately two years since the 21st century began. In this perspective, Botstein says that children should be allowed to begin school at an early age. The recommended age to begin elementary school today is 4 or 5 years. Botstein also stipulates that the junior high school stage or middle school should be scrapped off. This would allow a student to graduate from high school at age 16 and not 18 years. At this age, most students can be able handle real life situations without encountering significant difficulties. They are also adequately prepared to head off to college. Moreover, the article entitled â€Å"Too Young for Death Penalty† by Paul Raeburn describes a situation whereby Christopher Simons, 17 and Charles Benjamin, 15 led to the death of Ann Crook, 46, when they tied her with a tape and pushed her into a river. The two young adolescents confessed to committing the murder which earned them $6. Benjamin was sentenced to life imprisonment while Simmons was given a death penalty. The death penalty in this case attracted the attention of psychiatrists, psychologists, and other health groups. They argued that juveniles should not be executed since their brains are still in development. This means that juveniles should not be held entirely responsible for activities that they engage in (Raeburn). This is because the activities that adolescents

Cultural Anthropology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Cultural Anthropology - Essay Example Social settings have adopted new and universal similarities owing to the increasing state of media and interstate’s education systems. Hence, via knowing diverse languages, it has prompted students to seek both education and employment in other regions, hence becoming international students as well as cosmopolitan citizens especially via intermarrying (Kuran & Sandholm 204). The global integration of people’s lives descends from the economics’ universal consumer market and need to advance. This is especially from the global states’ strong motive to equal the already developed partners, hence result to adopting and utilizing diverse market strategies that will facilitate trade with them besides strengthening their currency. Additionally, the states’ dissimilarity in productions and need to have access to other products from diverse regions, has also yielded them to network with other regional states besides adopting some economic practices/strategies meant to improve their fiscal stability. Production is an economic practice that ensures the existence of humanity in the face of the earth regardless of the level of technology, which each society might adopt. Mainly, this aligns with the culture, which each society esteems, and best fits their region or the general expertise it possesses. For illustration, production globally assumes the forms of agriculture, industrial and foraging, where the latter entails communities emanating from the third world states, which have not embraced new technology effectively (Kuran & Sandholm 212). However, this has changed with time in comparison to the past century where in the current foraging it is about 1%. Foraging among other forms of productions has actually shaped diverse aspects of culture especially among the communities that utilize foraging method. These

Construction Productivity Measurement Techniques

Construction Productivity Measurement Techniques The construction industry remains one of the few most labour intensive industries in the developed world. It is therefore imperative to understand the measure of construction labour productivity. Furthermore, recent institutional and industrial calls for an increase in productivity suggest a desperate need to get the measurement of productivity levels right. The research reported in this paper forms part of an ongoing Ph.D. study into the issue of construction labour productivity. An earlier study highlighted that less than 50% of the industry actually actively measure and monitor productivity levels, with a majority of those companies that claim to measure go about measuring on the basis of the intuition of key site management personnel. This may seem alarming, however, it was argued that productivity measurement techniques could be perceived as theoretical, arduous and expensive for construction companies to adopt. This paper reviews the methods of productivity measurement availabl e and describes two case studies conducted during this research, with a view of reporting the problems and issues faced when attempting to establish productivity levels at a project level. Lessons learnt are then drawn from the experience. INTRODUCTION The quest for productivity improvements in the UK construction industry has been an especially important agenda over the last decade (Latham, 1994; Egan, 1998). However, what is found baffling is the fact that the measure of productivity is often conflated with the measure of performance. One only needs to turn to the Construction Productivity Network (CPN) to seek an instance of such misapprehension. Indeed, the very name of the network is misleading since it deals with such far wider issues as risk management and knowledge management. Clearly, the network might be more suited to have adopted the term Construction Performance Network as compared to the use of the term productivity, which traditionally refers to the quantifiable ratio between inputs and outputs in physical terms. Indeed, the industrial Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) rightly recognise the clear distinction by acknowledging the measure of productivity as a subset of the wider measure of business performance. However, in the pursuit of convincing the industry to take on board improvement programmes and initiatives, recommendations have tended to represent simplistically improvements through headline measures such as reduction in construction time, defects, accidents etc., for instance, in the case of the Movement for Innovation (M4I) demonstration projects. Productivity, interestingly, was measured by the M4I by taking the median of the company value added in monetary terms per employee. This value added approach mirrors the value-added approach conventionally applied at the industrial (macroeconomic) level (see e.g. Jonsson, 1996). While it is understandable, from a marketing perspective, to report headline indicators per se, given the fact that embarking on any initiative undoubtedly needs corporate buy-in by senior managers, it is felt that capturing productivity measurements at the strategic level may be insufficient to guarantee that improvements actually occur at the operational level. Therefore, it is firmly believed that going back to the basics of measuring productivity at the project site level would be necessary in facilitating improvements. This is because the construction industry is largely project-based. Groà ¡k, for instance, issued a stern warning that there is an inherent failure to recognise that the site was the defining locus of production organisation (1994: 288) for construction. However, there lies a problem here. Apart from the formal measures propounded by such initiatives as the M4I stated above, many construction companies just do not have formal measures in place at the project level. For example, Chan and Kaka (2003), in a questionnaire survey to 400 UK contractors, found that of the 77 respondents, more than half of them do not monitor productivity levels at the project level. Furthermore, a third of those who claim to do so base their judgement of productivity on gut feeling and experience of dealing with contract schedules. Similar findings were noted in a large study commissioned by the Investors in People in the UK, which was aimed at examining productivity measurements inter alia across sectors including manufacturing, transport, service and construction. The Investors in People (2001) noted that while 22% of the respondents did not measure productivity levels at all, 36% and 22% of the respondents used formal and informal techniques to establish productivity levels respectively. Yet, past research have shown that the very process of formalising on-site productivity measurements itself delivers project improvements. For example, Winch and Carr (2001) notably identified a growing competitive spirit among the workforce as they progressed in their study investigating the benchmarking of on-site productivity, thus reinforcing an earlier comment made about the importance of measuring productivity levels at the project site level. Nonetheless, Chans and Kakas (2003) and the Investors in People (2001) reports beg the question as to why there is reluctance for formal productivity measurements, and which forms the premise of this paper. The chief aim of this paper is to explore the pertinent issues that would explain some of the reasons behind what we would call industrial inertia towards productivity measurement at the project level. In so doing, we would tackle it from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The next section briefly reviews the key textbook approaches to measuring on-site productivity and highlights the limitations in terms of reliability and relevance of these approaches that restrict industrial adoption. Thereafter, we will report on the relevant findings of two live projects observed as part of a wider study into understanding the concept of construction labour productivity, revealing some of the practical issues encountered when measuring on-site productivity. Conclusions are then draw n from both the review and the case studies that lead to the recommendations for future research that would hopefully encourage the industry to measure on-site productivity. PRODUCTIVITY MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES Construction textbooks are awash with details of key productivity measurement techniques and it would be inappropriate to replicate the explanation of these techniques within the constraints of this paper. According to Noor (1998), productivity measurement techniques fall within a spectrum between two broad categories of observational methods, namely continuous observation (e.g. direct observation and work study) and intermittent observation (e.g. audio-visual methods, delay surveys and activity sampling). Noor recognised that while continuous observations such as direct observation and work study provide high levels of accuracy and detailed data for understanding productivity, these are often time-consuming, arduous and costly. Given the operational imperative of construction projects and the ever increasing time pressures exerted on project schedules, the cost of employing personnel to conduct such observations both in terms of the monetary cost of wages and the time value of observation that does not result in the physical growth of buildings (i.e. non value added) would deter companies from adopting such measurement techniques. Furthermore, the benefits of continuous observations are marred by the inexorable restriction of scope and thus, would make it difficult for large projects to pursue this approach. Where the use of technical equipment for audio-visual methods is concerned, Winch and Carr (2001) were especially cautious that the workers might feel that the surveillance was un necessarily intrusive. As such, they avoided the use of such methods to observe the workers and opted instead for direct observation where the researchers got to know the individual workers on a personal level. Therefore, while the absence of the workers uneasiness was achieved, the inability to observe the whole construction process became an evident trade-off. With respect to intermittent observations, Noor noted that these are prone to errors in determination since the data tends to be aggregated statistically through the observation of a representative sample. To add to this, Radosavljevic and Horner (2002) recently revisited formwork and masonry productivity data sets across eleven sites in the USA and the UK, only to confirm their suspicion that productivity is not normally distributed, thereby implying that some basic statistical diagnosticsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ may give misleading results and are not applicable (p. 3). Accordingly, this questions the dubious reliability of conventional productivity measurement techniques. Serendipitously, Radosavljevic and Horner made a brief comparison of the data with volatility studies in econometrics to reveal surprising similarity with Pareto distributions, which are typical of chaotic systems. They concluded therefore that using test statistics that rely on normality usually have been taken for grant ed, and consequently not much could have been done to achieve a better understanding of the ubiquitous complexity (p. 11) as they call for a paradigm shift to understand the complexities of construction labour productivity, possibly through chaos theory. However, it is felt that such complex methods of analysing productivity levels might further discourage companies to measure productivity since this would mean additional investment of statistical expertise. Another problem with many of the conventional productivity measurement techniques is the reductionistic approach in analysing work time (see e.g. Drewin, 1982). To put simply, much of the analysis of productivity data had been concerned with the binary relationship between productive (or value-adding) time and time loss. However, contenders such as Thomas et. al. (1990) challenged this underlying assumption the inverse relationship between productive and non-productive time, and that reducing time loss leads to productivity improvements as they claimed while these assumptions seem sensible and logical, they will be shown to be unsupportable for most construction operations (p. 712). In fact, a later study (Thomas, 1991) provided evidence that would cast doubts on the assumption of the binary relationship between productive and non-productive time, and hence on the productivity measurement techniques. A further limitation relates to the application of productivity measurement techniques in past research. A review of the literature revealed that measurement techniques were mainly concentrated, in past research, on a number of key construction operations: namely concrete works (Proverbs et. al., 1999; Winch and Carr, 2001), masonry projects (Thomas and Yiakoumis, 1987; Olomolaiye, 1990), structural steel (Thomas and Yiakoumis, 1987) and electrical works (Thomas, 2000). Evidently, with the exception of electrical works, much of the studies were concerned with the structural elements, i.e. elements that contribute to the structural frame of the building. This means there is an overwhelming lack of research aimed at studying such other aspects of the building process as architectural elements (e.g. plastering, internal fit-out, painting and decoration) or services installations (e.g. mechanical and sanitary installations). Indeed, the studies surrounding electrical works were related t o the effects of schedule acceleration, in part, due to the effects of productivity-related problems of the earlier structural phase of projects (see e.g. Noyce and Hanna, 1998; and Thomas, 2000). One of the possible reasons for this phenomenon is the lack of previous studies (unlike where areas such as bricklaying and concrete operations are concerned) or industrial productivity data for comparison. Notably, the National Electrical Contractors Association (NECA) in the US has been deeply keen in examining productivity issues ever since the late 1960s (Thomas et. al., 1990) and have been actively developing labour consumption curves (NECA, 1983) to inform the industry for possible applications on different project types (Thomas, 2000), offering perhaps an explanation as to why productivity on electrical projects are examined. Olomolaiye (1990) is one of the few who explains his decision to focus on bricklaying as he attributed his preference to the predominance of bricks as one of the main construction materials in the UK. He added a bulk of construction manpower still goes into bricklaying as it remains highly labour-intensive (p. 302). On the decision to focus on concrete operations, Winch and Carr (2001) cited Horners and Zakiehs (1996) claim that studies of estimating have shown that the largest items in the bill can be used to determine overall outputs very closely. Furthermore, they expounded that data on concrete deliveries by ready-mix trucks for any given period are easily obtained from site records, and because concrete is perishable, we can infer that deliveries on a day have been poured that day (p. 581). It is argued, however, that concentrating on the predominant or largest activity results in a reductionistic approach, which fails to take into account the entire construction process. Intere stingly, Kazaz and Ulubeyli (2004) in a recent study aimed at reconciling governmental statistics and real project data on productivity rates in Turkey elected to examine only 82 work items deemed to be used most in practice, thus affirming the researchers observation, although they acknowledged that these only constitute 6.11% of all possible work items. In this respect, conclusions made in past studies are limited in their scope in offering plausible recommendations for implementation for the improvement of construction labour productivity. The limitations of productivity measurement techniques discussed hitherto, to some extent, help to explain the low industrial uptake within construction. These encompass the issues of reliability and relevance of existing techniques that would inhibit the ability of companies to meaningfully analyse their project productivity so as to bring about improvements to the entire construction process. Furthermore, there are the investment constraints of time and expertise in implementing the existing productivity techniques. These emerging issues from the brief review explains some of the general difficulties claimed by the participants of the Investors in People (2001) study, particularly the difficulties in obtaining accurate information, the varied nature of individual job roles and the complex nature of productivity that is dependent on several intervening factors (p. 6). CASE STUDIES AND PRELIMINARY FINDINGS Having briefly discussed the theoretical issues surrounding existing productivity measurement techniques, this section now turns to the two projects, hereinafter known as projects A and B, observed during the course of the study. The purpose of the case studies is to explore the issues faced by practitioners when measuring project productivity. The two projects were selected because project participants had either attempted to measure productivity (project A) or claimed to have a formal method of measuring productivity in place (project B). Each case will begin with a brief synopsis of how the researchers got involved with the projects and an account of the observational process. This will then be followed by a succinct report of the key issues involved in the implementation of the productivity measurement techniques in the two projects. Project A: Multi-storey Car Park Background to project A Project A is the construction of a multi-storey car park for a Scottish airport. This was initially selected as a pilot study at the onset on the basis of convenience, access and geographic proximity as instructed in Yin (1994: 75). It is perhaps worthwhile, at this point, to provide an insight into how and why access was given to this project in the first place. A marketing flyer accompanied by a cover letter was sent to companies to seek collaboration and access to projects, people, data etc. at the start of the research. A positive response from the main contractor executing project A then resulted from this initial call for participation. The contractor was a fast growing company at that time that aimed both to penetrate the Scottish construction market and to succeed in gaining repeat business with British Airports Authority (B.A.A.). Because the company had not undertaken any on-site productivity measurement, they were therefore keen for the researchers to assist in the develop ment of on-site productivity measures. And so, access to the project was granted on a two-days-a-week basis and the project quantity surveyor of the company was involved with the researchers in developing the measurement technique. To overcome the problems discussed in the previous section regarding the isolation of construction activities in measuring productivity, a decision was made to measure productivity levels using the existing company worker timesheets. Timesheets were found to be extremely useful mainly because timesheets were used for the purpose of calculation of hourly wages and linking this to productivity measurement would probably show meaningfully the notion of a fair wage. Furthermore, measuring productivity on a daily basis was considered to be the most appropriate technique as corrective action could be taken as quickly as possible. For data collection purposes, foremen were instructed to complete time inputs and physical outputs for each worker under their charge within a set time sheet on a daily basis. Table 1 below shows a simplified example of a recording on the activity of pouring concrete by a gang of concrete labourers. Based on the data presented in table 1, a total of 66 man-hours w ere used to produce 232m3 of concrete, yielding a productivity rate of à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ » 3.5m3 of concrete per man-hour. Emerging issues A number of issues arose whilst attempting to measure on-site productivity levels for project A in this way. The desire for a speedy construction process meant that many proprietary systems, e.g. in the case of formwork, were used as part of the construction techniques. These were undertaken by specialist subcontractors (with whom access was not granted). What was observed was that the core labourers used by the main contractor were general operatives who were often mobile in terms of the task they did. So, for example, an operative could be involved in general housekeeping on day n, shifting what is known as tables (a proprietary form of the conventional birdcage scaffolding that is on wheels to support the formwork) on day n + 1, and putting stop ends along the perimeter of a plot prior to concreting to prevent the concrete from spilling over on day n +2 and so on. Perhaps the only stable groups of workers were those who were relatively more skilled, e.g. concretors and steelfixers , who tended to stick within the task of their trades. Even so, these workers moved to other projects in the vicinity when their tasks were not scheduled for project A. Therefore, while measuring productivity levels in this way appear to be more holistic and probably closer to reality than the methods highlighted in the previous section, the mammoth task of tracking workers posed an immense challenge. Moreover, although the data was collected at the gang level (through the foremen), the boundaries of the gang were found to be arbitrary because of the volatile movement of the workers. This resulted in high variability of the productivity data obtained, which supports Radosavljevics and Horners (2002) observations, but which implies that discerning the factors affecting productivity especially those related to the workforce issues was particularly problematic. Administering the measurement was also not without problems. To start with, foremen were not akin to filling out forms and throughout its implementation, the project quantity surveyor discovered that there was a need to constantly explain to the foremen the mechanisms of recording. Two reasons accounted for this. The first relates to the inevitable problem with determining output quantities given that construction operations are often associated with work-in-progress that can be difficult to ascertain. Rules of credit (see e.g. Thomas and Yiakoumis, 1987) may go some way to facilitate this process, although time and manpower is needed to maintain a database of such information for which the project quantity surveyor did not have. In fact, the project quantity surveyor resigned in the middle of the project and the measurement of productivity halted due to the absence of a willing successor. To exacerbate the problems of measurement, the project quantity surveyor had identified a compl ex list of more than 170 task descriptions, thus causing further confusion for the foremen in the recording process. This enormous list of task descriptions is believed to be due to the fact that many proprietary systems were used in the construction process. Still, as the predicted trend for the construction industry is towards greater outsourcing and use of innovative technology in the production of buildings (see e.g. CRISP, 2001), it would be sensible to take into account such complexities when measuring productivity. It is here that project B sheds some light. Project B: Headquarters of a Commercial Bank Background to project B Project B involves the construction of the headquarters of a commercial bank on a greenfield site just outside Edinburgh. Access was given to interview senior project managers and to conduct questionnaire surveys with the site operatives. During the interviews, the researchers were struck by the ability of the managers to report what they allege to be the precise number of man-hours expended on the project to date, a phenomenon that was non-existent in other projects observed during the study. Inquisitively, the researchers investigated how project participants captured this data through further probing during the interviews. According to the project managers, project B utilised what is known as The Last Planner system, a planning system that has gradually gained recognition and refinement since its inception in 1994. Much has been written about the system (see e.g. Ballard, 2000), although this is really related to planning and never intended to be used as a means of measuring on-site productivity. However, one of the KPIs resulting from this system, known as the Percent Plan Complete (PPC), was thought to be extremely valuable by the project participants for them to gain an informed view of the on-site productivity levels. Basically, the PPC refers to how much of the planned work on a weekly basis is actually completed. In a similar vein, this ostensibly is comparable to the earned value analysis used in project management (see Project Management Institute, 2000). Figure 1 above shows an extract from a weekly progress update, which enables project Bs participants to keep track of how productively the wo rk packages were performing to plan. To help improve the PPC, the progress meetings were used as a platform to understand what went wrong, i.e. what intervening events or factors resulted in a low PPC (e.g. weather, lack of materials etc.). Emerging issues While this paper is not aimed at analysing whether this system constitutes a credible means for measuring on-site productivity, it was felt that this system provided an effective way for managers to establish how progress was being made. Hence, this allowed project participants to get a feel of the productivity of the workers by complementing the measure of PPC with the number of man-hours expended. To show a simplistic example, using figure 1 above, let us assume that work package 1 utilises the same amount of man-hours throughout the project. Therefore, one can safely deduce that achieving 100% PPC in say week 13 and 76% PPC in week 14 would signify a dip in labour productivity. In other words, PPC can be viewed as an output in the productivity ratio and so alleviate the problems of complexities involved in construction operations and sub-contracted work packages experienced in project A above. Furthermore, such information should provide useful feedback to the workforce regarding their performance. Implementing this system for the project participants was also met with a number of challenges. For instance, the system is largely paper based and therefore archiving such information and managing it within a database would still require the deployment of manpower. Nonetheless, as compared with the attempts in project A, this is perceived to be relatively more straightforward. It would also be tempting to proclaim that running this system commenced from the first day of the project. In fact, the project managers had attempted to implement such a system on a previous project six years ago but faced immense resistance from the project workers as it was then thought to create a blame culture so that fault could be apportioned when things went wrong. Interestingly, another project observed, which involved the construction of an office block in central London and built by the same contractor running project B, had initially tried to adopt the system. However, it was abandoned as soon as it started on the same basis of resistance. Still, project B participants learnt from their previous experience from six years ago and thus, made a conscious effort to allay fears of a blame culture right from the very start of the project through constant reassurances given during early briefing sessions. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, the paper raised the issue of the importance of, and lacklustre attitude of companies towards, measuring on-site productivity. Thereafter, a review of the limitations behind the key textbook approaches to measuring productivity was provided and these represent some of the problems, which contribute to the industrys reluctance to measuring productivity. We have then taken the reader on a journey through two projects observed and summarised here some of the practical issues faced in the implementation of an on-site productivity measurement system. These include the time and expertise needed in handling the complexities of productivity data and resistance from the workforce. In essence, the underlying theme throughout the experience is that a productivity measurement system has to be comprehensive enough to take into account the complexities of todays construction operations and ever increasing emphasis on sub-contract work packages as seen in project A; but simple enough to be effective as portrayed in The Last Planner system in project B. However, the reliability of using The Last Planner system to measure productivity was beyond the remit of this current study. Nonetheless, the experience of project participants in project B shows that it works in reality to help provide that informed view of on-site productivity levels needed to bring about improvements. Therefore, further work is required to establish the feasibility of using such a system in measuring productivity.

Food Safety Illness

Jeremiah went grocery shopping on a hot summer day. He bought food for an upcoming family BBQ; ground beef for hamburgers, a couple of steaks, and the ingredients for making potato salad.When he left the store, he put his groceries in the trunk and stopped by the sports outlet store to pick up a Frisbee and croquet set. It took about 10 minutes at the sports store, and then Jeremiah headed home to prepare the food. He was concerned that it had been too hot in the car, but everything was still cold when he got home.Jeremiah took the groceries home and put everything in the refrigerator. The meat fit well on the top shelf, right above the potato salad ingredients.Later on, he got the groceries out to prep everything for the BBQ. He cooked the potatoes and used a sharp knife to trim some excess fat off of the raw steaks. Then he cut up the rest of the vegetables for the potato salad with the sharp knife on a cutting board.Jeremiah formed the hamburger patties, seasoned the steaks, and f inished making the potato salad. With only about 45 minutes to go before leaving for the BBQ, Jeremiah left everything sitting out on the counter while he showered and got ready.When he arrived at the BBQ, he set the potato salad on the picnic table and went to grill the steaks and burgers. He cooked both to about medium doneness, meaning both were pink in the middle.Jeremiah enjoyed one of the steaks he prepared and gave one to his cousin. The other family members enjoyed the burgers and potato salad; in fact, Jeremiah didn’t have a chance to try the salad. A couple of days after the BBQ, Jeremiah learned that everyone at the BBQ, with exception of himself and his cousin, experienced a bout of flu-like symptoms the following day.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. Based on Scenario 1, what are the possible sources of food-borne illness? The possib le sources of food-borne illness could be cross-contamination from Jeremiah cutting off the fat from the steaks and cutting up the vegetables for the potato salad. If the same knife was used or if the same surface was even used to prepare both the meat and vegetables it could have contaminated the vegetables or the ground beef.2. Although Jeremiah did not get sick, there were several areas throughout Jeremiah’s day that could have led him to a serious case of food-borne illness. Point out these areas and briefly explain why they are of concern and what Jeremiah could have done differently. One time that a food-borne illness could have been obtained when Jeremiah put the groceries in the trunk of his car, typically the trunk of a car is the hottest part of a vehicle, so the groceries could have gone below the appropriate temperature to store it at.If Jeremiah would have been in the store more than twenty minutes, all depends on the temperature outside; it could have spoiled th e meat. Secondly, if Jeremiah bought mayo or any type of dressing for the potato salad it could have spoiled and therefore made the guest sick. Also Jeremiah never got to eat any of the potato salad so if it was cross contaminated than he would have not gotten sick.3. Why is it safe for steak to be pink in the middle, but potentially dangerous for a hamburger not to be cooked all the way through? It is safe for steak to be pink in the middle compared to the hamburger due to the hamburger being processed through a machine and being handled human beings  so therefore the meat can be contaminated more easily. With cooking the hamburger to being well done with no pink than it can kill some bacteria. For example some companies do not cleanse or clean their machines to cut down on the bacteria and any contamination that might have occurred.Scenario 2:After enjoying a delicious dinner of lasagna, Martha cleaned up the kitchen and left the covered tray of leftover lasagna on the counter t o cool. Since the lasagna was so dense and thick, it took about 4 hours for it to feel cool enough to go into the fridge for the night. The next day, Martha served leftover lasagna for lunch. She heated the lasagna thoroughly and it was finished.Within about 2–3 hours, everyone who ate the lasagna developed stomach cramps, fever, and nausea; most eventually started vomiting. The illness was pretty awful, but thankfully relatively short-lived.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. How could this illness have been prevented? The illness could have been prevented by having the lasagna uncovered while it was cooling so that condensation would have not built up on the cover. Then the water went into the lasagna, which was bacteria, and made the employees sick that ate it. The other thing that could have been done is had the lasagna put into the oven until it was thoroughly cooled.2. Based on the incubation period and symptoms of the illness, what is the most likely microorganism responsible for this illness? E-coli would be the most reasonable reason for the illness. Because Martha did not reheat the lasagna properly for the second time around the bacteria was never killed off. If she would have reheated the lasagna in the oven at the proper temperature the bacteria would have been killed off.3. Describe the temperature danger zone. It would have to cook at a certain temperature to cook all the bacteria and the microorganisms out of the lasagna. Harmful bacteria such as E-coli contaminate food without physical signs, smells or tastes. Temperatures hotter than 165 °F not just the outside but making sure the inside is also cooked correctly.4. How could Martha have sped up the cooling process of the lasagna? If she would have left the lasagna uncovered on the counter it would have cooled down a lot faster. As soon as it would have bec ame room temperature she could have covered it and put it in the refrigerator.5. If the leftover lasagna was thoroughly reheated, (which it was), how did it still lead to food-borne illness? When Martha put the lasagna into the microwave it wasn’t hot enough for the bacteria to be cooked out of the lasagna. If she would have reheated in the lasagna would in the stove instead all the bacteria would have been cooked out and no one would have gotten sick.Scenario 3:Sally was making marinated shish-kabobs to grill for dinner. She made a beautiful marinade and then cut up the raw chicken on a cutting board. She put the chunks of chicken in the marinade and let it sit on the counter for about 3 hours until it was time to cook.While the chicken was marinating, Sally prepared the vegetables. She cut them using the same cutting board and knife; she rinsed both off with warm water between cutting the chicken and the vegetables.Once the chicken had marinated, Sally put the chicken and v egetables on skewers to be grilled. She also started rice in the rice cooker to go with the shish-kabobs.As the shish-kabobs were grilling, Sally put the marinade in a serving dish for extra sauce to put over the rice.Several hours later, Sally and her family members all developed nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, headache, and abdominal pain.Write 50- to 150-word responses to each of the following questions. Be clear and concise, use complete sentences, and explain your answers using specific examples.1. What could be the cause of Sally and her family members’ illness? Would be improper food preparation by leaving chicken out on the counter more than allotted time as it developed bacteria and salmonella. She also prepared vegetables on the cutting board without proper cleaning with hot water and soap. Also reusing the marinated sauce on the rice, she should have been cooked so all the bacteria could have been cook out.2. How could this illness have been prevented? This illn ess could have been prevented with proper cleaning of all preparation and utensils materials. With proper washing with soap and hot water it would not cross contaminate the chicken, vegetables and the marinate. The illness could have also been prevented if she would have properly stored the chicken in the kitchen to make sure that bacteria would have not been growing.

The Appeal of Relevant Topics for Essay Writing

The Appeal of Relevant Topics for Essay Writing When you're perusing the greater study, there's a significant significance to the compare and contrast essays to become decent control over your lesson. Many trustworthy writing services are eager to provide essay help. It's possible to visit a library and search for relevant books. In the event the student has contacted with the skilled essay helpers, inch should be certain the assistant is ready to fulfill every one of the parameters demanded. The Advantages of Relevant Topics for Essay Writing You've approached the last portion of your essay. Essay proudly occupies a distinct hole in the realm of journalism. Essay Writing Services Essay writing services may be one of the cheap and easy strategies to find reference when writing essays on various topics. Writing a superb persuasive essay is not a simple job, however, it's achievable. As with any other essay, a definition one has its peculiarities and content requirements that should be met to be successful in the writing. You can also lack enough knowledge on the subject, or you aren't good in using English language for writing essays. A very clear essay needs to be correctly structured. Among the different sorts of essay, there's a definition essay that could appear to be among the most simple assignments. What's Truly Happening with Relevant Topics for Essay Writing There are many questions written each year you may discover your practice answering a variety of questions on various topics. It is indispensable to use reliable on-line sources that directly support your principal point. The very first step is to produce a terrific topic. If you've ever had problems with finding the most appropriate research paper topic, you're at the appropriate site reading the correct line! The Basic Facts of Relevant Topics for Essay Writing High school research pap er topics are extremely simple to write after you've completed the essential research. There's a particular procedure of how essays ought to be written. If you purchase essays online, it's really important to understand whether the work is still in process or has been finished. Although writing essays is a difficult endeavor, many of the folks have the ability to compose a Term Paper Writing term paper is a standard assignment for those students that are obtaining their undergraduate and graduate studies. Who Else Wants to Learn About Relevant Topics for Essay Writing? Research writing is a task that ought to be written in prime quality as it can influence students' internal marks. In marginal situations, the essays are utilised to determine whether an applicant is going to be selected. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. The students are must to obtain some great quantity of knowledge on the best way to compose a paper so they can write t heir assignments by themselves with no trouble. What You Can Do About Relevant Topics for Essay Writing Starting in the Next 8 Minutes You would like to register for a Google account before getting started. The actual men and women highly praise our essay help site. You can trust the ideal essay help online. A Real Estate company unlike any other centered on the mission of constructing a network of career-minded pros who strive to cultivate their small business and their future. The Little-Known Secrets to Relevant Topics for Essay Writing Just consider it how many fantastic things you may do instead of boring writing. Each paragraph introduces one significant idea. Furthermore, it's an excellent idea to read any appropriate material, like articles of prewritten academic work, in order to offer you some additional inspiration. The central intention of any introduction is presenting the principal idea of your definition essay, in different words, you are to state clearly w hat it is you are likely to define.

The Task of an International Marketer - 2314 Words

The International Marketers task is more complicated than that of the domestic marketer because the international marketer must deal with at least two levels of uncontrollable uncertainty instead of one. Discuss. Introduction Domestic marketing deals with any marketing activities within the boundaries of a nation. This should be directly contrasted with the term International marketing, which refers to all marketing activities that go beyond the confines of a domestic economy. For Zimbabwe, this would be consumers, workers, businesses, and governments that lie beyond the Zimbabwean national boundaries. How both the international marketer and the domestic marketer should know the 4Ps (Product, price, promotion and place) or the†¦show more content†¦This is particularly true of foodstuffs. Sadza in Zimbabwe, a staple food made from maize meal, would not go down well in United Kingdom or United States of America. Only products of a more technical nature, like computers on the other hand, have a universal appeal. The marketer can study culture in a number of ways including the anthropological approach, Maslows hierarchy of needs, the self reference criterion, diffusion theory, high and low context culture, and perception approaches. Culture itself is made up of a number of learned characteristics including aesthetics, education, religion and attitudes and values. One of the principal researchers on culture and its consequences is Hofstede, who, as a result of his studies, offers many insights and guides to marketers when dealing with diverse nationalities. Ignoring differences, or even similarities, in culture can lead to marketers especially international marketers making and executing decisions with possible disastrous results. Trade agreements Since 1945, there have been eight major trade agreements. The first five were bilateral agreements, where only two countries made treaties with one another. These were not an efficient way to reduce tariffs, as other countries were able to take advantage of the spillover effects of the reductions. All subsequent trade negotiations have been multilateral, or involving many countries. 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